Machine for trimming the edges of hat brims



(NoModl.) 9"sheets-sheet 1.

J. NUTT.

MAGI'1'I1\TE FOR TRIMMING THB BDGES 0F HAT BRIMS. No. 308,191. PatentedNov. 18, 1884.

(No Model.) 9 sheets-sheet 2.

J. NUTT.

MACHINE. .PoR TRIMMING THB EDGBS of HAT BRIMS. 'I N0. 808,191. PatentedNOV. 188, 1884.

N. PETERS. Plmwlnhogmphur, washingmn, llc.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. NUTT.

MACHINE EUR TRIMMING THE EDGES DEBAT BRIMS. No. 308,191. f Patented Nov.18, 1884.

(No Model.) V9 Sheets-Sheet 4.

I I 1.111111. MACHINE POR TRIMMING THE EDGBS vO HAT BRIMS. 110. 308,191.Patented 110V. 18, 1884..

NA Frrcns. PhnmvLimugmpmn wasnngmn. n, c.

(Ne Medel.) 9 sheets-sheet 5L 'J.NU'TT.

MACHINE POR TRIMMING THE BDGES 0F HAT BRIMS. Ne. 308,191. Peteeted Nev.1,8, 1884..

N. PETERS Pnnm-Limugnpner, wnhingvun, D C.

(No Model.) 9 shee1s-shee1 8.*

J. NUTT. 111101111111 P011 1111111111118 THB 111188801" HAT-'B11111118110. 808,181. Patented Nov. 18, 1881.`

.bflillil Bw.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 7.

J.N-UTT. MGHINE POB. TRIMMING THBEDGES 015` HAT BRIMS.

No. 308,191. Patented NO V. 18, 1884..

d@ l 11"/ v3; l,

N, PETERS. Phenrumnnplmf. washington. D. C4

(No Model.) 9 sheets-sheet 8.

J. NUTT. v

MACHINE POB. TRIMMING THB BDGES 0F HAT BRIMS.

Patented Nov. 18, 1884.

N PETERS. PholwLmwgmphnr. washingwn. D. C.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 9.

J. NU'IT.

MACHINE POR TRIMMING THB BDGES OPHT BRIMS. No. 308,191. Patented11011.18, 1884.

N. PETERS Phumfmmgmpher. wgbiugmn. D. C.

ArtNr tric.

JOSEPH NUTT, OF DANBURY, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO XVM.BECKERLE & CO., OF SAME PLACE.

MACE-HNE FOR TRlltiMlNG THE EDGE OF HAT=BRHVS.

SPECIFEC'ATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 308,191, datedNovember Application filed July 30, 1884. (No model.)

T0 all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH NUTT, of Danbury, in the county of Fairfieldand State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Machinesfor Trimming Hat-Brims; and I do hereby declare the following, whentaken in connection with accompanying nine sheets of drawings and theletters ot' reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, and which said drawings'constitute part of thisspecification, and represent, in-

Figure l, a top view; Fig. 2, a side view;-

Fig. 3, an end View, looking directly toward the rear end oftheswinging` arm; Fig; 4, a longitudinal sectional view; Fig. 5, a detachedview of the wheel WV; Fig. 6, a detached View showing the transverseslidefor clamping the screw Zet'and the slide 32; Fig. 7, a horizontalsection showing the manner of communicatingl rota-v tion to the verticalshaft 9 Fig. 8, a detached View showing the locking mechanism for thecutter-arm; Fig. 9, a top view, the cutter-carriage and clamping-plateremoved, also showing the movement of the crank 7 and bars 5 and 3; Fig.l0, a front view of the cutter-carriage-that is, lookingr from thecenter outward-enlarged; Fig. l1, a transverse section throughthe cutterjust over the guards, enlarged; Fig. 12, a longitudinal section throughthe guards, showing the cutter enlarged; Fig. 13, a section through thecurl of the brim of the hat, showing section of the guards and cutter,enlarged; Fig. l5, a transverse section through the wedge J, showing adiagram to illustrate the movement of the slides under the action of thewedge, enlarged; Fig. 14, a vertical section through the wedge, showingthe intermediate side, 48, on the wedge made adjustable.

,This invention relates to an improvementin machines for trimming theedge of hat-brims to give the required elliptical shape, the obiect ofthe invention being to construct the machine so that when once set for agiven width of brim it will automatically adjust itself to the varioussizes of hats, maintaining the standard width of brim; and the inventionconsists in the combination of mechanism whereby the object of myinvention is aceomplished,- as hereinafter described, and moreparticularly recited in the claims.

A is the base, in the center of which is a tubular standard, B, upon thetop of which the clamping device is arranged to hold the hat. Thisclamping device is of elliptical shape, and consists of a plate, C, madefastto the standard B. Upon the upper face of this plate severalhorizontal radial slides, D, are arranged so as to work toward and fromthe center, and as seen in'Fig. l, more or less in number. To each ofthe slides a spring, E, is applied, the tendency of which is to forcethe slides inward toward the center. At the outer end the slides areeach provided with a horizontal flange, F, and with an upright ange orarm, G, resting upon the several flanges F, and surrounding the severalupright flanges G is a ilat thin metal band, H, greater in length thanthe extreme circumference to which the slides may be thrown out, the twoends of the band overlapping each other, as seen in Fig. l, and so thatas the sli'des are thrown out the band will yield to the ncreasedcircumference thus produced.

Through the standard B is a vertical spindle, l, its upper endterminating in an inverted-frustum-otcone-shaped wedge,J. This spindleis arranged for vertical movement, so that it may be drawn down into thestandard or raised therefrom, as occasion may require. This may be doneby a foot-pedal attached to it, or otherwise. The wedge J is best madewith a number of sides equal to the number of slides, and so that theinner end of each slide will abut against a corresponding side of j thewedge J, as seen in Fig. 4. As the spindle is drawn down,the wedge Jmoves with it, and because of its conical or wedge-like shape it strikesthe inner end of the slides and forces them outward,according to theextentto which the wedge is drawn downward, and such forcing outward of'the slides correspondingly eX- pands the band H and increases itscircumference.

e The hat to be trimmed is placed over the clampingl device until itsbrim rests upon the iianges F, and when so resting the wedge J is ydrawndownward until the band H is expanded to give a firm bearing upon theinside of IOO Vcontracted position, and so as to permit the the crown,and so as to give the proper elliptical shape to the crown.

In order that the hat may be held so as to prevent its slipping upon theband' H, a pin, K, is arranged at some point on the band H', so as topierce the crown of the hat, and thereby retain it in its properrelation upon the clamping device, and so that the position,once fixed,cannot be changed. The hat is held upon the clamping device by thedepressed wedge, and is relieved therefrom by permitting the wedge J torise, and when the wedge is so raised the reaction ofthe springs E,which were compressed by the descentof the wedge, will return therespective slides D to their removal ofthe hat.

It will be understood that in the contracted or normal position of theslides the clamping device is of smaller circumference than the smallesthat to be trimmed.

Upon the central standard, B, an arm, L, is hung, and so as to turn uponthe standard as its center of' motion, and so as to be revolved in ahorizontal plane around the said standard. On the top of the arm L, andin a plane parallel with the hat-clamp, a slide, M, isarranged betweenguides N, and so as to be moved back and -forth in a radial line withrelation to the center of the standard-that is, toward and from thecenter. Upon the top of the slide M is the cutter-carriage O, hung upona pivot, P, and so as to turn upon said pivot in a horizontal planeindependent of the slide M, but so as to partake of whatever radialmovement may be imparted to the slide M. The radial movement of theslide M is for the purpose ot' moving the cutter in an elliptical patharound the hat, that it may trim the edge of the brim in accordance withsuch elliptical path. Upon the base is a circular track, R, concentricwith the standard. rlhe upper surface of this track is curved, saystarting from the point S, Fig. 3, and which is a point in line with thelonger axis of the ellipse. The track rises one-fourth of the circle-sayto the point T, Fig. 2, which is in line with the shorter diameter ofthe ellipse, the distance from thelower point, S, to the higher point,T, being one-fourth of the circumference of the circle of the track.From this point or line of the shorter diameter the track descends tothe point U, which is opposite the point S and in the same plane, makingthe second quarter. From this point U the track rises to the point V,which is in the same plane with the oppol site point, T, and completesthe third quarter, then descends to the point S, or place of beginning,the rise and fall of the respective quarters being the same. Within thearm L is a wheel, XV, hung upon an axis, a, and so that the wheelrevolves in avertical pla-ne, the axis i being at right angles to theradius from the center of the standard. The wheel is shown detached inFig. 5. ln the wheel W are two radial slots, b b, dianietricallyoppositeeach i other. In o ne of these slots is a nut, c, and in the other anut, d. threaded right hand and the other left hand, and arranged so asto movc like slides in their respective slots b. Diametrically throughthe wheel and through the nuts c l is a screw, e, one end threaded righthand and the other left hand, corresponding to the two nuts, and so thatthe screw turned in one direction will draw thenuts together, or iu theopposite direction will force them asunder. At right angles to the slotsb b is a third slot, f, in which a slide, g, is arranged. The slide gisconnected to the nuts c d, by links h, hinged by one end to therespective nuts, the other end of the two hinged to the slide g, and sothat as the nuts c d are drawn together the slide g will be forcedoutward, or vice versa. is a stud, fi, which extends to the right andleft outside the surface of the wheel.

l is a follower arranged inside the arm L, and so as to extend up eachside of the wheel NV. In the respective sides of the-follower is ahorizontal slot, m, in which the studs il on the nut c stand. Thefollower l is arranged to ride upon the circular track R. The studs/1lmake connection between the wheel W and the follower l, so that as thefollower rises it will impart rotation to the wheel WV, or vice versa.'l`herefore,startng from thelowest point in the track, if the arm beturned, the follower 1 will ride upon the track to the highest point T,turning the wheel \V in the direction indicated by the arrow iu Fig. 4.Descending from the point T to U, the wheel will be returned. The slideg in the slot f has upon it a stud, n, which works between a pair ofarms, 0 o, extending down from the slide M, as scen in Fig. 4, and sothat as the wheel YV rotates, as before described, it will imparta`corresponding longitudinal movement to the slide M-that is to say, asthe follower rides up one incline it will force the slide forward, andas it rides down on the opposite sidewill move the slide M rearward.This back-andforth movement of the slide, combined with its circularmovement around thecenter, will cause a given point on the slide todescribe an ellipse about the center, and that ellipse will varyaccording tothe position of the studs One ot" the nuts is Ou the nut cand n-that is to say, if the stud t' be moved nearer the center of thewheel, then the upand-down movement of the follower will give a greaterextent of movement to the wheel, and so the stud n, if it be movedoutward from the center, will impart to the slide a greater extentofmovement, or vice versa, and this extent of movement is varied byturning the screw e, and which operates to throw the stud n outward asit carries the stud i inward, or

vice versa.

To insure the rear movement of the slide as the follower l passes downthe incline, the slide is constructed with two rods, pp, one at i eachside, and extending forward through bearings r on the hub of the arm L,and upon these rods a spring, s, is arranged to be compressed parted tothe vertical shaf't 9, and the gears as the slide moves forward, and sothat thereaction will tend to force the slide backward.

As before stated, the cutter-carriage O is hung upon a pivot, P, on theslideM. This pivotP is itself made adjustable in the slide, as and forthe purpose hereinafter described.

2 is the cutter arranged on the cutter-carriage, and so as to cut aroundthe brim of the hat in the elliptical path defined by the follower 1passing over the circular track, as before described. `Were thecutter-carriage stationary on the slide M, the plane of the cutter withrelation to the brim would be constantly changing from itsstarting-point-say at the longer diameter-until it reached the firstquarterpoint-that is to say, if the cutter stood in a plane at rightangles to the radius of this longer diameter, that angle would change asit advanced toward the next quarter-point, where it would again assumethe position of right angle to the radius.

It is necessary, in order that the cutter shall work smoothly, that itmaintain always the same angle with relation to the radius of theellipse it is cutting, and therefore should change its plane througheach quarter ofthe circumference cut. To give to the cutter such anautomatic adjustment, a bar, 3, extends along the-top of the slide M,and through a corresponding groove in the-bottom of the carriage O thisbar extends toward the center of the machine and beneath theclamping-plate. Transversely across the arm and in guides 44 ahorizontal sliding` bar, 5, is arranged,to which the forward end of thebar 3 is hung, as seen in Fig. 9. The bar 5 is constructed with a slot,at right angles to it, in which playsa crankpin, 7. This crank-pin is onthe head S of a vertical shaft, 9, arranged in bearings 10, and so thatthe crank revolves in a horizon tal plane. The vertical shaft is causedto rotate by means ofa fixed gear, 11, on the standard B. (See Fig. 7.)The vertical shaft 9 is provided at its lower end with a pinion, 12, audbetween the pinion 12 and' the fixed gear 11 is an intermediate pinion,13, the two pinions being` arranged upon the arm L, and so as to travelwith it around the upright. In such rota-tion of the arm around theupright rot-ation is imare in such relation to each other, as shown,that at each full rotation of the arm around the upright two fullrevolutions are communicated to the vertical shaft 9. In such'revolutionof the vertical shaft 9 the crank-pin 7 travels in the slot 6, andimparts two full reciprocating movements to the bar 5 at right angles tothe slide M, which carries the cuttir-carriage. This reciprocatingmovement of the bar 5 through the bar 3 imparts a corresponding rockingmovement to the cuttercarriage, which turns upon its pivot P. Thecutting-point of the cutter 2 stands substantially over the center ofthe pivot P, as seen in Fig. 4. The rocking movement imparted L' by thearrow, Fig. 1, the crank-pin 7 turns in the opposite direction, asindicated by the arrow, and throws the sliding bar 5 inward to theextent of one-fourth of the travel of the crank, as indicated in brokenlines, Fig. 9. This extreme throw occurs at a point midway between thestarting-point and the end of the first quarter or point, T, asindicated in broken lines, Fig. 9. Continuing from this point, the throwof the crank returns the bar 3 and the cutter-carriage until, arrived atthe quarterpoiut T, the carriage is again returned into its positionparallel with the arm L, and then presents the cutter at right angles tothe shorter diameter. During the next quarter the throw of the crank iscompleted, and brings the cutter again in the same relation to thelonger diameter when it has reached the opposite point, U, from which itstarted. Continuing the rotation around the circle, the crank performsanother full revolution and correspondingly turns the cutter-carriage,and by thus turning maintains the cutter always in the same relation tothe line it is cutting.

ln illustrating theinvention I show the cutter as arranged for cuttingthe inner edge of a curled brim. The cutter is supported on an arm, 14,hung upon the cutter-carriage upon a shaft, 15, atright angles to thelongitudinal central line of the carriage. In the forward end of thisarm is a vertical spindle, 16, carrying a guard, 17. This spindle isarranged to be turned by means of a handle, 18, and is provided with aspring, 19, the tendency of which is to turn the guard toward thecutter. This guard, when in operation, stands inside the curl of thebrim, as seen in Fig. 13, and so as to work upon the under side ot thecurl, as a support for the curl of the brim against the cut.

20 is a second guard, arranged to slide vertically in the arm 14,depressed by a spring, 2l. This second guard bears upon the upper sideof the curl and surrounds the cutter', as seen in Figs. 11 and 12, andso as, with the guard 17, to form a firm support for the brim at thepoint ofcutting. The arm 14, which earries the cutter and the guards,may be turned upward upon its shaft 15, as seen in broken lines, Fig. 4,for conveniently introducing the hat. as well as for the examination ofthe cutter and guards when occasion requires. As the sizes of hats vary,it follows that the cutter must be adjustable to adapt it to suchvariation of sizes. To admit of such adjustment the pivot P is made as apart of a slide, 22,

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arranged in a longitudinal slot, 23, in the slide M, as seen in Fig. 9,and so that the pivot, with the cutter-carriage, may be movedlongitudinally on the slide M to set the cutter nearer to or farther`from the center of motin,

as occasion requires.

Longitudinally in the slide M is a screw, 24', which works through anut, 25, in the pivotslide 22. The nut carries atrnnnion, 26, upon itsupper end, on which is hung a longitudinally-toothed rack, 27, whichlies over upon the top of the slide M, as seen in Fig. 9, and passesthrough the pivot. The cutter-carriage has a longitudinal groove uponits under side, corresponding to the rack 27, and in which the rackstands, but so that it may be moved independent of the cutter-carriage.A shoulder, 28, on the nut comes to a bearing against a correspondingshoulder in the slide 22 when the rack has been drawn back to itseXtreme position with relation to the pivot, and at this time thetrunnion 26 is concentric with the pivot, as seen in Figs. 4 and 9.

Made fast to the shaft 15, on which the cutA ter-arm 14 is hung, is atoothed segment, 29, which works into the teeth in the rack 27, as seenin Fig. 4, and so that when thearm 14 is turned upward, as seen inbroken lines, Fig. 4, the rack 27 will be forced forward, as seen inbroken lines, Fig. 4, carrying with it the screw 24. The forward end,30, of the screw 24 is arranged to pass through a corresponding hole,3l, in the standard, and so as to en,- ter the vertical space withinwhich the spindle I is arranged, and as seen in broken lines, Fig. 4.From the slide 22 a spindle, 32, extends rearward parallel with thescrew 24, and in the same plane, as seen in Fig. 6. In rear of the slot23 in the slide N is a transverse slide, 33, which carries on onesideahalf-nut, 34. This slideis operated by a screw, 35, arranged in theslide M, and extending through a slot, 36, in the side of the guide, aeseen in Fig. 2, provided with a l1ead,'37, upon the outside, by which itmay be turned, and so that by turning the screw in one direction thehalf-nut is brought to bear upon the screw 24, to engage it or clamp itto prevent its rotation,or disengaged to leave the screw entirely free,as the case may be. The screw 35,when turned inward to its eXtremepoint, and when the half-nut is entirely disengaged from the screw 23,clamps upon the spindle 32, so as to hold the slide 22 in rm engagementwith the slide M.

The operation of this adjusting mechanism s as follows: Suppose themachine, as seenin Fig. 4, to be set for a brim of a certain wid tl Mthat is, so that the cutter stands at a certain determined distance fromthe periphery of the clamping device at the longest diameter. Now, if inthis position the cutter-arm be raised to its extreme up position, asseen in broken lines, Fig. 4, such movement of the cutterarm will forcethe screw 24 forward until its dle in the standard, as seen in brokenlines. That side of the standard toward the spindle, when-at thislongest Idiameter and startingpoint, presents a surface, 38, inclinedtoward the cutter upon the same inclination as the wedge J. The hat isplaced upon the clamping device'while the cutter is thus raised and thescrew 24 in its eXtreme forward position to clamp the hat, as beforedescribed. The spindle I is drawn downward to force the wedge J betweenthe inner ends of the slides on the clamp until the clamps come to V abearing inside the hat. As the wedge thus passes downward,the incline 38will act upon the end 30 of the screw 24, as it does upon the clamps,and force the screw to retire to the same extent that the clamp on thelongest diameter is forced toward the cutter, and such retreatingmovement ot' the screw will be imparted to the cutter-carriage, thecutter-arm being still held in its up position, and when the hat isproperly clamped the descent of the spindle ceases. Then the cutter-armis turned downward,and the cutter will be presented to the brim the samedistance from the crown of the hat that it was at first, and will theretrim the edge of the brim. Thebrim trimmed, the spindle I rises topermit the return of the clamps. Then the hat is removed, and thecutter-arm is again raised to bring the screw forward until its end 30strikes the inclined face 38, as before. Then asecond hat is placed uponthe clamping device and clamped by the descent ofthe spindle I, asbefore. 1f this second hat be smaller or of less diameter than theprevious hat, then the spindle I descends to a less distance;consequently the cutter-carriage is moved a correspondingly lessdistance from the center; but it is moved to the same extent that theclamps are moved, and so that when it is turned down for cutting it willstand the same distance from the crown for the second and smaller hatthat it did from the crown of the first or larger hat. The cutter-arm islocked in both its up and down position by means of a bolt, 39, hung toone arm ofa lever, 40, the other arm forming a thumb-piece, 41, by whichthe bolt may be drawn, the spring 42 serving to throw the bolt inward.The bolt is arranged to enter a hole, 43, in the segment 29 when theeutterarm is turned downward, or 44 when the arm is turned upward. Thislocking is necessary, in order that the rear movement of the rackthrough the screw 24 may be prevented from lturning the cutter-armsegment 29 upon its center, and so that the earriage,segment,and arm maymove rearward together. When the hat is properly clamped by the forcingdown of the spindle I, and the screw 24 has been moved to its extremerear position, it is there clamped by turning the screw 35 to bring theclamping-nut 34 into tirm engagement with the screw, and so that thecutter-carriage may be firmly held during the operation of cutting. Assoon as one brim extreme end 30 comesin contact with the spinl has beentrimmed, and before the cutter-arm I OO IIO

can be raised, the clamp upon the screw 24 is released by returning thescrew 35 until the screw is entirely free from its clamp. In relievingthe screw 24 from its clamp 34,the inward movement ofthe screw 35 bringsit to a bearing upon the spindle 32, and so that the slide 22 will beclamped in its place to prevent movement or disadjustment ofthe pivot P,which would be likely to occur in turning' the cutter-arm upward.

To adjust the machine for a different width of brim, the screw 24 isemployed. Suppose it to be for a narrower brim than that which I havedescribed as being cut. The screw 24 is then turned backward to bringits end 30 nearer the nut 28, and as the end 30 of the screw fixes theposition of the cutter with relation to the clamping device or crown ofthe hat, it follows that it'the end 30 of the screw be moved nearer tothe nut 28 when the end 30 strikes the incline 38 on the spindle thecutter will be as much nearer the periphery of the clamping device asthe end of the screw has approached the nut, or if it be for a broaderbrim,then the screw 24 is turned in ward to take its end 3() fartherfrom the nut. The result of this last adjustment is that when the end 30of the screw strikes the incline 38 on the spindle the cutter will befarther from the'periphery of the clamping device. The width to be cutis determined by the distance which the cutter stands from the clampingdevice in its normal condition. To set the cutter, therefore, itscarriage and the screw 24 are released from the clamping of the screw35. Then, while the cutter-arm is still down, as seen in Fig. 4, thecutter-carriage is moved forward until the cutter is brought to itsproper or dcsired relation to the periphery ot' the clamping device, andwhen that point is reached the carriage is clamped, as before, thecutterarm turned upward to its eXtreme position and locked, then thescrew 24 turned inward until it comes to a bearing against theinclne 38on the spindle, as seen in broken lines, Fig. 4. This done, the workproceeds as before described.

The track over which the follower l works is made in segments, which maybe changed for other segments giving a greater or less risc to vary theextent of the ellipse.

The illustration of the cutter to cut the inner edge ofthe curl of thebrim will be sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to adapt thecutter to cutting the edge of a flat brim, it only being necessary tochange or adjust the guards and cutter accordingly, and as in machinesusually employed for trimming hatbrims. i

The crank-pin 7 may be adjustable by a leading-screw, as seen in Fig. l,or otherwise, and so that the extent of movement ofthe bar 5 may bevaried to adjust the outline of the cutter as the ellipse which it is toeut is 5 changed.

I have described the cutter as working at right angles to the radiusofthe ellipse; but a slight inclination from that position one way orthe other may be desirable,accordin g tothe work being performed. Suchadjustment of the cutter may be made by turning it in its socket orholder and resetting it when in the desired position.

I have represented the device carrying the nuts c d and the slide ,f/for moving the slide M as awheel, and prefer to make that device inwheel shape; yet it will be evident that the portions of the wheel notnecessary for guiding the nuts and the slide may be cut away. Thereforeby the term wheel I wish to be understood as embracing any shaped devicewhich may be applied to so support and carry the nuts and slide.

The adjusting-screw 24 may be dispensed with where a constant breadth ofbrim only is required, and in such construction the end .3() may beconsidered as made as a continuation or permanent part of the rack 27.

Instead ofthe devices which I haveshown and described to give to thecutter-carriage its elli ptical path, the mechanism employed in otherhat-trimming machines to give such elliptical path to the cutter may beemployed. I therefore do not wish to be understood as limiting my entireinvention to the peculiar devices by which the elliptical path isproduced.

In making up the elliptical clamp it is necessary that all the slidesshould move toward one common center, in order that they may be actedupon bythe wedge J. The point in the circumference of the clampingdevice at both the longest and shortest diameters is at substantiallyright angles to the radius at those points, as scenin Fig. l5, 39representing the longer radius,and 40 the shorter radius. Theintermediate slide springs from the center and on the radius 4l; butbecause of the elliptical shape ot' the clamp it will be observed thatat the point where the radius 41 crosses the circumference the radialline is oblique to the circumference, instead of at right angles, as at39 and 40. The movement under the action ot' the wedge is alike in alldirections, and may be illustrated by two-circles, 42 and 43. Now, itthe slide on the radius 4l be only moved to the same extent as the slideon the radius 39 or 40, the distance between the two ellipses at thatpoint will be as from 44 to 45, and because that radius is oblique tothe circumference those two points will be nearer together than are thesame point-s on the radius 39 0r 40 by so much as the Obliquity of theradius to the circumference.

In order to make the circumference otl the ellipses parallel to eachother, the distance between the two circumterences at 44 should be asfrom 44 to 46-that is, a line at right angles to the circumference thesame length as between the two eircumi'erences on the radius 39aud 40.In order to make the circumference parallel throughout,it is thereforenecessary to give to the slides intermediate between the longer and fSoIOC)

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Y to receive a rotary movement in a plane paralshorter diameter' agreater throw than that l given to the slides on said longer and shorterdiameters-say as from 44 to 47. To accomplish this object in the clamp,I construct the sides 48 of the wedge intermediate between the sideswhich operate upon the slides at the longer and shorter diameter inseparate pieces, as seen in Figs. 14 and 15 and so that they may beadjusted and set to a greater or less projection, as may be required toadapt them to various-shaped ellipses. rlhese sides are set into a seat,49, at their lower end, and are embraced by a cap, 50, at the top, heldby a nut, 51, the cap overlapping the upper ends of the adjustable sides48 to hold them in their place, and they are adjusted by screws 52 atthe back of cach piece, or any equivalent therefor. 4

1. In a machine l'or trimming` hat-brims, the combination of a clampingdevice of elliptical shape, arranged to clamp the hat upon the inside ofits crown, a circular track eoncent ic with said clamping device, theupper surface of said track lowest in the plane of the longest diameterof the clamping device gradually rising from said lowest point to thequarter-points or plane of the shortest di meter of the clamping device,an arm, L, arranged to swing over and concentric with said circulartrack, a follower, 1, arranged in said arm to ridc upon said track, awheeLV, in said arm, arranged lel with the axis upon which the armswings, a slide arranged upon said arm and movable in radial guides inaplane at right angles to the axis on which the arm turns, and carryinga cutter, the said follower constructed to en'- gage said wheel XV atone side of its axis, and the wheel \V constructed to engage said slideat right angles to its engagement with said follower, and whereby as thefollower passes over said track abackward and forward movement will beimparted to said slide and cutter, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a clamping device ol' elliptical shape, arrangedto clamp the hat upon the inside of its crown,.the arm arranged to swingaround said clamping device in a plane parallel therewith and upon anaxis concentric thereto, the slide M, arranged upon said arm, thecutter-carriage O,hung upon apivot, P, on said slide, the bar 5,arranged transversely across said arm, the bar 3 in eonnection with thecutter-carriage, one end hung to said bar 5, the iixed gear ll upon theaxis of the clamping device, the vertical shaft 9 on said arm, andarranged to receiv e two full revolutions from said gear l1 to onerevolution of the arm L, the said shaft carrying a crank, 7, inconnection with said bar 5, substantially as described.

The combination of a clamping device of elliptical shape, arranged toclamp the hat upon the inside of its crown, the arm L, ar-

ranged to swing around said clamping device in a plane paralleltherewith, a circular track below said arm and concentric with the axisupon which it swings, the upper surface ot' said track lowest in theplane of the longest diameter of the clamping device gradually risingfrom said lowest point to the quarter'- point or plane of the shortestdiameter of the clamping device, a slide arranged upon said arm andmovable in radial guides in a plane at right angles to the axis on whichthe arm turns, and carrying a cutter,'the wheel YV in said arm arrangedto receive a rotary movement in a plane parallel with the axis uponwhich the arm swings, adj ustable nuts c d in said wheel, slide g, alsoarranged in said wheel and connected to said nuts, follower l, arrangedin said arm to ride upon said track and connected to one of saidnuts,whereby a rotative movement i's imparted to said wheel as thefollower rides over the inclineson the track, the slide g connected tothe slide M, and whereby the rotative movement of the wheel impartsreciprocating movement to the said slide, substantially as described.

4. The combination of a clamping device of elliptical shape, arrangedto' clamp the hat upon the inside of its crown, the arm L, arranged toswing around said clamping device in a plane parallel therewith and uponan/ axis concentric thereto, the slide M, arranged upon said arm in aplane parallel with the plane of said clamping device," mechanism,substantially such as described, to impart a reciprocating movement tosaid slide toward and from the axis upon which the arm swings, the slide22, arranged longitudinally in said slide M, and carrying the pivot l,the cuttercarriage hung to said pivot, mechanism, substantially such asdescribed, to impart a rocking movement to said carriage in a pla-neparallel with the slide upon which it is pivotcd, the nut 25 in saidslide 22, the longitudinal screw 24 through said nut, and whereby thecutter-carriage may be moved toward or from the clamping device,substantially as described.

The combination of a clamping device of elliptical shape, arranged toclamp the hat upon the inside of its crown, the arm L, arranged to,swing around said clamping device in a plane parallel therewith and uponan axis concentric thereto, the slide M, arranged upon said arm in aplane parallel with the plane of said clamping device, mechanism,substantially such as described, to impart reciprocating movement tosaid slide toward or from the clamping device, the slide 22, arrangedlongitudinally in the slide M, nut 25, screw 24, toothed rack 27, thecutter-carriage pivoted to said slide 22, mechanism, substantially suchas described, to impart a rocking movement to said carriage in a planeparallel with the slide upon which it is pivoted, cutter arm 14, hungupon said cutter-carriage, and carrying the toothed segment 29, arrangedto work in said rack 27 ,with the clamping-spindle I, constructed withthe incline 3S, substantially as and for the purpose`described.

G. The combination of a clamping device of elliptical shape to clamp thehat upon the inside of its crown, the arm L, arranged to swingaroundsaid clamping device andinaplane parallel therewith and upon anaxis concentric thereto, a slide arranged upon said arm in a planeparallel with said clamping device, mechanism,substantially such asdescribedto impart reciprocating movement to said slide M toward andfrom said clamping device, the slide 22, arranged longitudinally in saidslide M, provided with its spindle 32, the nut 25, screw 2l, parallelwith said spindle 32, the transverse slide 33, its adj listing-screw 35,the said slide 33 constructed with a hal f-nut clamp, 34, and with abearing-surface to engage the spindle 32, the cutter-carriage O, hungupon a pivot on said slide 22, mechanism, substantially such asdescribed, to impart aroc-king movement to said carriage in a planeparallel with the slide upon which it is pivoted, the cutter-arm hung tosaid carriage and carrying the segment 29, substantially as and for thepurpose described.

7. The combination of a clamping device of elliptical shape, arranged toclamp the hat upon the inside of its crown, the arm L, arranged to swingaround said clamping device in a plane parallel therewith and upon anaxis concentric thereto, the slide M, slide 22,longitudi nally arrangedin said slide M, cutter-carriage O, hung upon a pivot upon said slide22, mech anism, substantially such as described, to impart a rockingmovement to said cutter-carriage, rack 27,arranged longitudinally insaid cutter carriage, cutter arm 14, hung upon said carriage andcarrying a toothed segment,

| 29, with the spindle l, constructed with the ineline 3S, substantiallyas described.

S. In a maehinelfor trimming hat-brims, thel combination of a clampingdevice of elliptical shape, arranged to clamp the hat upon the inside ofits crown, a cutter-carriage arranged to swing around said clampingdevice in a plane parallel therewith and in an elliptical path, atoothed rack arranged longitudinally in said Cuttercarriage, with anextension there from toward the center of motion, the cutterarm hung tosaid carriage, carrying a toothed segment to work into said toothedrack, the central spindle, I, by which the clamping device is forcedinto engagement with the crown of the hat, said spindle constructed withan incline, 38, against which the extension from the rack may strike,substantially as and for the purpose described.

herein-described clamp, consisting ofthe combination of a plate, slidesarranged thereon in guides parallel with the plane of the plate, and soas to be moved outward and inward in lines radiating from the center ofthe ellipse, the Wedge arranged'to be moved up and down through saidplate, and with sides corresponding to each olf said slides, and wherebysaid slides will be forced outward or permitted to retreat, according tothe movement of the wedge, the sides of the wedge intermediate betweenthe slides on the longest and shortest diameters made adjustable,substantially as and for the purpose described.

JOSEPH NUTT.

Vitiiesses:

ALLAN W. PAIGE,

DAVID B. BooTn.

9. In amaehine for trimming hat-brims, the

